Chapman took one to the head and went down hard. He died the following day. It's still the last fatality resulting from a baseball injury in MLB history.
After the season, a new rule was established requiring the umpire to get rid of any dirty balls (because they couldn't be seen well enough by the batters). The spitball was also banned, largely because of this incident.
As for Carl Mays, he became even more unpopular, and was later accused of throwing a World Series game. Although he had outstanding numbers (Five 20 win seasons, 4 World Series Championships, 2-time shutout leader, 207 career wins), Carl Mays was never seriously considered for baseball's Hall of Fame.
